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World Wildlife Fund Warns Against Plan By Planktos, Inc.

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World Wildlife Fund today announced its opposition to a plan by Planktos, Inc. to dump iron dust in the open ocean west of the Galapagos Islands. The experiment seeks to induce phytoplankton blooms in the hopes that the microscopic marine plants will absorb carbon dioxide. The company is speculating on lucrative ways to combat climate change.

“There are much safer and proven ways of preventing or lowering carbon dioxide levels than dumping iron into the ocean,” said Dr. Lara Hansen, chief scientist, WWF International Climate Change Program. “This kind of experimentation with disregard for marine life and the lives of people who rely on the sea is unacceptable.”

According to a summary by the United States Government submitted to the International Maritime Organization, Planktos, Inc. — a for-profit company — will dump up to 100 tons of iron dust this month in a 36 square mile area located approximately 350 miles west of the Galapagos Islands. Planktos, Inc. plans to dump the iron in international waters using vessels neither flagged under the United States nor leaving from the United States so U.S. regulations such as the U.S. Ocean Dumping Act do not apply and details do not need to be disclosed to U.S. entities.

“World Wildlife Fund’s concern extends beyond the impact on individual species and extends to the changes that this dumping may cause in the interaction of species, affecting the entire ecosystem,” said Dr. Sallie Chisholm, microbiologist, MIT and board member, World Wildlife Fund. “There’s a real risk that this experiment may cause a domino effect through the food chain.”

Potential negative impacts of the Planktos experiment include:

  • Shifts in the composition of species that make up plankton, the base of the marine food chain, would cause changes in all the species that depend on it.

  • The impact of gases released by both the large amount of phytoplankton blooms induced by Planktos, Inc. and resulting bacteria after the phytoplankton die.
  • Bacterial decay following the induced phytoplankton bloom will consume oxygen, lowering oxygen levels in the water and changing its chemistry. This change in chemistry could favor the growth of microbes that produce powerful greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide.
  • The introduction of large amounts of iron to the ecosystem — unless it is in a very pure form, which is likely cost-prohibitive at the scales proposed — would probably be accompanied by other trace metals that would be toxic to some forms of marine life.

In the waters around the Galapagos, some 400 species of fish swim with turtles, penguins, and marine iguanas above a vast array of urchins, sea cucumbers, crabs, anemones, sponges, and corals. Many of these animals are found nowhere else on earth.

Reports indicate that Planktos, Inc. is planning other large-scale iron dumping in other locations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

[tags]marine science, ecosystem, galapagos[/tags]

2 Comments

Media Correspondence – July 2007
Author: Russ George, President Founder, Planktos

Comments and Criticism of News Stories Relating To The False and Misleading Press Release of the World Wildlife Fund June 2007

Planktos is about to conduct a carefully planned series of ocean restoration pilot projects aimed at developing methodologies and technologies to restore dramatically damaged ecosystems of ocean phyto-plankton via replenishment of depauperate micronutrient iron. Ordinarily we’d rejoice at being reported on in media however we must take issue with the slanted portrayal of our work in the recent sloppy rushed print to news stories many media venues are running. In spite of having full facts near as near to hand as our public web site and many news stories about our work many media venues have choosen to follow a lemming mentality as opposed to a learned one in their report on the work of Planktos during a blizzard of bad media brought down on the company by a classic Straw Man attack. In their haste to jump on the bandwagon of controversy fomented by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and fallen prey to doing the story right now instead of doing the story right.

Media around the world have been seen stampeding into regurgitations of an orchestrated campaign of press releases that criticize the plans of our Planktos. These press releases have employed a classic Straw Man Attack first describing our work falsely then criticizing our company for this fabricated misleading description. Ordinarily one expects the editors of media to not fall prey to such a transparent fallacious attack when any even cursory fact checking reveals the intentionally false and misleading character of these press releases. However in this case when the prestigious World Wildlife Fund added its name to those employing this Straw Man Attack it seems journalists and editors everywhere assumed there was no need to fact check the press release of WWF as they dutifully leapt to reproduce the WWF release and/or prepare their own versions of the story highly colored by the WWF Straw Man and in doing so help fabricate a controversy where none rightfully exists.

The ire raised against Planktos revolves around the work it will be doing by way of adding micronutrient iron to a patch of ocean rich in major plant nutrients but low in productivity. This work will take place near the Galapagos Islands though well west of those islands. The reason for this location is that the islands themselves are a major source of iron which results in a massive plankton bloom called the Galapagos Bloom. It is the existence of this massive natural iron stimulated bloom that has drawn science engaging in ocean iron replenishment research to the region for two previous successful though smaller iron experiments. It is also this vast natural bloom that creates the unique marine oasis of abundance that makes the Galapagos environment so splendid and unique.

Now here’s the twist, WWF decided it would oppose the work of Planktos and instead of debating the company on the merits of our work fabricated a Straw Man Attack claiming that the work proposed by Planktos would endanger the magnificent environment of the Galapagos and the lives of the people who live there. It maintained this senseless endangerment would come from the micronutrient iron Planktos will put into the ocean to raise iron concentrations by mere tens of parts per trillion and the plankton bloom that would initiated. Of course the world jumped at the WWF alarm to decry the plans of Planktos who wouldn’t. Even Nature thought it was so urgent a story that it rushed to help raise the immediate alarm. However the alarms of WWF and other organizations opposing the work of Planktos are based on utterly false and intentionally misleading declarations that the work of Planktos poses a threat to the Galapagos Islands which are themselves a massive natural source of iron and ensuing plankton bloom.

The Straw Man doesn’t rely on one big lie claiming the Planktos bloom would immediately impact upon the Galapagos Island waters which one must keep in mind is already in a bloom of vastly larger size and intensity than what Planktos plans. WWF adds layer upon layer of false and misleading comments to their Straw Man. They assign a litany of negative environmental impacts they claim will result from the work of Planktos pouring blood into the waters surrounding the ocean ecorestoration project to further draw in the sharks. But each and every one of these alarming impacts is refuted by the lack of these ill effects being observed in the massive natural Galapagos Bloom surrounding the islands and expanding into the west. In the absence supporting facts the unwary and uninitiated may find these fears worthy of great concern. All in all the WWF Planktos Straw Man is surely a pitiful monster that well deserves to be torn to bits by the media and public frenzy and preemptively eliminated before it does its unwitting greed driven harm.

What the media have done is lend credence to a travesty of science and journalism through their tight focus on a fabricated controversy never once calling into question any of the clearly false claims that define the controversy. But what is worse they have ignored the right story which is the desperate crisis in the world’s oceans where today a rapid mass extinction of plant life is taking place. Ocean plants, the phyto-plankton, are dying off at a phenomenal rate and have been doing so for scores of years and something must be done to slow and reverse this. The reason is complex but suffice it to say it is mostly about dust in the wind and the iron in that now missing dust.

Ocean net primary productivity as calculated by the satellite measure of chlorophyll in the oceans has been shown as suffering losses of 17% in the North Atlantic, 26% in the North Pacific, and 50% in sub-tropical tropical oceans since the early eighties when our first competent measures of this sort began. To put this into a lay context we are seeing the same 1% loss per year of ocean forest that the rainforests are shown to be suffering. However the rainforests cover a mere 2-3% of the planet while the ocean forest covers 72%. One can thus easily infer that in each three year period an amount of ocean plant life equal to all rainforest plants on earth will disappear. That Planktos is working carefully, in the best traditions of science, and with determination to develop the ability to slow this ocean ecosystem collapse we would have thought was a great story. But hey not for the WWF and those who have reproduced their press release what’s important there is the bashing of Planktos and who cares if that bashing is based on lies and fabrications… there is blood in the water… get that story out right now.

Here’s an image that truly tells a thousand words. It shows the massive Galapagos bloom which is so critically important to the story on the work of Planktos. The existence of the massive Galapagos bloom surrounding the islands and extending well west might have contained a caption explaining that this natural iron induced bloom is responsible for the marine oasis effect that makes the Galapagos so unique. It ought to be clear to anyone looking at the image that a tiny bloom 1/40th the size of the natural bloom far west of the Galapagos as will be created by Planktos could not and will not impact on the island environment or the lives of the island residents in any way.

For further information visit the Planktos web site at http://www.planktos.com or contact:

Ithink the media should at least give the planktos version of events before jumping to conclusions that the wwf version is absolutely correct although unsubstantiated! Remember that in any courtroom both the accused and the accuser have the right to argue their case and to present evidence before any judgement is passed, why dont the media employ this balance ?

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