Yes kids, there are some pretty distinctive differences with file naming amongst the different OS’. Read on to learn more about them…

In 1995, Microsoft added long file name support to Windows, allowing more descriptive names than the limited 8.3 DOS format. Mac users scoffed, having had long file names for a decade and because Windows still stored a DOS file name in the background. Linux was born with long file name support four years before it showed up in Windows. Today, long file names are well supported by all three operating systems though key differences remain.

note: the first Microsoft OS with long file name support was actually Windows NT 1.0 3.1, released in 1993.
Linux is the most sensitive

One of first culture shocks for people moving from Windows to Linux is the case sensitivity of file names. These files: “filename”, “Filename”, and “FileName” are the same file in Windows but three unique files in Linux.

The Mac OS X HFS+ and Windows NTFS file systems are case preserving, but not case sensitive. This means they will store and keep track of the case in a file name, but will ignore case when comparing file names. So, you can’t have “filename” and “Filename” in the same directory. (note: an optional file system called HFSX, available in OS X 10.3+, is case sensitive.)…. Source: Linux Box Admin