TECHTip

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Priority Queuing has four different priorities: high, medium, low, and normal, which can be assigned to each packet.
Packets are designated by IP source/destination address, TOS [Type of Service] for DiffServ [Differentiated Services], LAN MAC [Media Access Control] address, TCP/UDP Port numbers (such as HTTP [Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol], [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Patch antennas are used for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and other applications (such as satellite radio) and in special locations where directional transmission are needed. Inexpensive and lightweight (less than one pound), they can be wall-mounted or standalone. With a conventional Patch antenna, also referred to as [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Microsoft .NET platform is an infrastructure of components based on a client-server computing/network architecture with enhanced use of Internet services called middleware.
Middleware is sometimes referred to as the pipes or plumbing connecting the faucet to the reservoir. In computing certain computing occurs at the client and some at [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Two other factors are important in a multicast network: Dense and Spare modes.
DM [Dense Mode] uses a “push” model to flood multicast traffic (broadcast) to every device. That is, every device gets the data whether they asked for it or not.
SP [Sparse Mode] uses “pull” or “pull [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
In a PWE3 PPVNP [Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Network], there may be more than one label. To begin with, IP [Internet Protocol] packets may have a number of labels or “tags” attached to them. MPLS [Multi-Protocol Label Switching] is just one type of label. Here are [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Part I - FQ [Fair Queuing] allocates bandwidth to each packet that crosses the interface based on a FIFO [First-In First-Out] also called RR [Round-Robin] - bit-by-bit equal access basis. That is, no packet receives Priority Queuing. Weighted Fair Queuing Scheduler allocates bandwidth to each packet based on “weights” [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Different antenna configurations allow the wireless network designer the ability to provide moderately higher speeds at more distant locations. These are indoor performance specifications (Source: Cisco). Outdoor applications have yielded multi-megabit speeds at 3+ miles.
Typical antenna designs include unidirectional, hemispherical patch antenna, or directed-focused.
About TECHtionary
TECHtionary is the world’s first [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
 

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
SPT [Shortest Path Tree] is used by only ONE source (the root of the tree) to reach all receivers. Also known as a Directed Tree, packets only flow from the root (source) to the leaves (receivers). SPT content can also be distributed across different trees.
ST [Shared Tree] is where [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Since we are reviewing issues in fault tolerance, let’s review backup options using MPLS [Multi-Protocol Label Switching] with Frame Relay called PWE [Pseudo-Wire Emulation].
PWE provides, among other things:

Multi-protocol tunnels - Multi-Protocol Label Switching, GRE [Generic Routing Encapsulation], IPSec [Internet Protocol Security], etc.
Emulated VC [Virtual Circuit]/channels inside tunnels (above) with [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Fair Queuing allocates bandwidth to each packet that crosses the interface based on a FIFO [First-In First-Out], also called RR [Round-Robin] - bit-by-bit equal access basis. That is, no packet receives Priority Queuing. Weighted Fair Queuing Scheduler allocates bandwidth to each packet based on “weights” (values) determined [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Satellite Earth stations come in a number of sizes. For example, an 18 meter satellite Earth station can follow/track orbiting satellites and has its own de-icer. Another example is a VSAT [Very Small Aperture Terminal], a fixed terminal that provides data transmission speeds from 128-512 KBPS [Kilo [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
 

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Mesh-First Tree Networks are created on the basis that a mesh (interconnected) network is formed before a routing protocol is determined. Then Source-Rooted Trees are selected based on the routing protocol such as DVMRP [Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol]. DV [Distance Vector] routing protocols maintain a routing table [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Proxy ARP [Address Resolution Protocol] is the default feature on Cisco routers. This is a simple means of creating fault-tolerant networks with one or more additional routers. Each router can respond to user/workstation requests if the router can reach (send/receive) the IP [Internet Protocol] address. Each [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
DRR [Deficit Round Robin] is a new method of FQ [Fair Queuing] designed for fair treatment of connections where traffic may be of large and unpredictable byte sizes. The concept is to establish a Quantum (quantity) byte size and each connection empties the Quantum bucket amount during a time [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
While all approaches to antenna design are beyond the scope of this tutorial, MEMS [Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems]/Switch actuator which also are used for optical switches (SEE TECHtionary MEMS) are being developed for patch antenna reconfiguration. A key feature is the capability of multi-band (multi-frequency) operation without greatly increasing the [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
SOAP [Simple Open Access Protocol] sends the data via Applications-Layer 5-7 HTTP [Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol] via Transport-Layer 4 TCP [Transmission Control Protocol] over Network-Layer 3 IP [Internet Protocol] and over various Datalink-Layer 2 protocols as Frame Relay, ATM [Asynchronous Transfer Mode], Ethernet, and Physical-Layer 1 protocols such as SONET [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Before discussing 6to4 Anycast relay, here’s a quick review of IP Version 4 and IP Version 6.
IPv4-to-IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 4 to Version 6, also known as 6to4, Relay Router Anycast routers advertise anycast address prefix into IPv4 network where IPv4 packets are routed to nearest 6to4 relay [...]

The animated TECHTip Tutorial is available here.
Phantom routers can exist throughout a network. The MAC [Media Access Control] address and the IP [Internet Protocol] addresses are passed among routers. This creates a virtual router called a Phantom router. It works like this:
One router is designated as the Active router and the other as the Phantom/Standby [...]