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Optical couplers may use Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers.

• Erbium ions store energy gained from 900 nanometer laser pump
• Stored energy is transferred to 1525-60 nanometer lightwave by stimulated emission

Optical Multiplexers are called by many names, from OXC [Optical X=cross Connect], Lambda MUX - wavelength multiplexer, and Tunable Transponder. Check with manufacturers for specific naming conventions and product names. Optical Couplers are used to multiplex (mix) optical fiber energy - FBTC [Fused Biconical Tapered Coupler]

• Two inputs/outputs
• Star coupler or optical crossconnect
• X (variable) inputs/outputs

Passive Branching Device: A device which divides an optical input into two or more optical outputs and also known as a Y, T, or L connector where no electrical-powered electronics are used.

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