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There will likely be many approaches/configurations for wireline/wireless convergence. Here are four potential configurations:

1. OSM [Open SIP Mobility]
   • Optimized for ILECs [Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers] (RBOCs [Regional Bell Operating Companies] and others) to recapture revenue lost to cellular

   • No changes to cellular network
   • Uses SIP [Session Initiation Protocol] standards
   • No upgrade (seamless) to 3GPP [3rd Generation Partnership Project] architecture
2. Virtual MSC [Mobile Switching Center]
   • Cellular wireless carrier-centric approach

   • Call control contained in cellular network even with Wi-Fi [Wireless Fidelity] calls
   • Cellular carrier provides SS7 [Signaling System 7] links when call transitions from Wi-Fi/Cellular to PSTN [Public Switched Telephone Network]
3. SCANN Approach
   • Multi-vendor, not industry standard

   • Avaya, Motorola, Proxim proposal
4. Unlicensed Mobile Access Approach
   • Cellular carrier-centric approach

   • Call control contained in cellular network even with Wi-Fi
   • VoIP calls terminate into PSTN and then via gateway to IP

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